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'Directives can never have horizontal direct effect.' Discuss the problems which are caused by this.

The rule of horizontal direct effect remains that directives do not have direct effect against private individuals.
David Wilkie |  Thu, 04 Aug. 2011 at 13:12 |  tags: none
Topics |  Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, Understand the sources, institutions and enforcement systems for individual employment rights, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., European Union Law, Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, European Law: Sources, European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union., Section A Law Making, European Union law.

Describe and illustrate the role of the Council of the European Union.

The Council is an essential EU decision-maker.
David Wilkie |  Fri, 22 July 2011 at 11:06 |  tags: decisions, directives, european commission, european court of justice, european parliament, regulations
Topics |  Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Understand the EU institutions, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., European Union Law, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, European Union: Institutions, European Union law., European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union.

Describe and illustrate the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The role of the Court of Justice of the European Union is ‘to ensure that, in the interpretation and application of the Treaty, the law is observed.’
David Wilkie |  Fri, 22 July 2011 at 12:47 |  tags: council of the european union, european commission, european court of justice, european parliament
Topics |  Understand the hierarchy of the Court System, Understand the Hierarchy of the courts system., Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., European Union Law, Understand the EU institutions, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, European Union: Institutions, Understand the hierarchy of the court system., European Union law., European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union.

Describe and illustrate the role of the European Commission.

The Commission consists of one commissioner from each EU country and its' job is to represent the common European interest to all the EU countries.
David Wilkie |  Thu, 21 July 2011 at 16:52 |  tags: council of the european union, european commission, european court of justice, european parliament
Topics |  Understand the EU institutions, European Union Law, Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., European Union: Institutions, European Union law., European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union.

Describe directives and how they become law in Member States.

Directives are used to bring different national laws into line with each other. Directives are commonly used in issues which affect the operation of the single market.
David Wilkie |  Fri, 22 July 2011 at 16:40 |  tags: decisions, directives, regulations
Topics |  Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., European Union Law, Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Understand the sources, institutions and enforcement systems for individual employment rights, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, European Law: Sources, European Union law., European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union., Section A Law Making

Describe the role of the European Parliament.

The European Parliament is the only body of the European Union which is directly-elected. There are 751 Members of the European Parliament and they represent the citizens of the EU.
David Wilkie |  Tue, 02 Aug. 2011 at 20:22 |  tags: none
Topics |  Parliamentary Law Making Sec A, European Union Law, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Understand the EU institutions, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, European Union: Institutions, European Union law., European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union., Section A Law Making

Discuss the effect of the UK's membership of the European Union on the sovereignty of Parliament.

Over the years, Parliament has passed laws effecting parliamentary sovereignty. These laws reflect political changes and include the UK's entry to the European Union in 1972.
David Wilkie |  Wed, 03 Aug. 2011 at 19:48 |  tags: none
Topics |  The nature of law. Criminal courts and criminal processes, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, European Union Law, Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, Legislation: Statutory interpretation; delegated legislation, European Law: Sources, Parliamentary Law Making Sec A, European Union: Institutions, Sources of English Law, European Union law and EU membership, Law making: the European Union, Law making: the European Union., Section A Law Making, European Union law.

Explain the effect of regulations on the laws of member states.

Regulations are only enacted by the Council or the European Commission.
David Wilkie |  Thu, 21 July 2011 at 22:13 |  tags: none
Topics |  Be able to evaluate the different sources of law, Know the importance of The European legislative process and its institutions, Understand the sources, institutions and enforcement systems for individual employment rights, European Union Law, Know the importance of the European legislative process and its institutions., Understand the sources of EU law and issues of sovereignty, European Law: Sources, European Union law and EU membership, Section A Law Making

Outline the concept of vicarious liability in tort and discuss the relevance of this principle today

The first point to establish when considering the matter of vicarious liability is that it is not a tort as such. It is a method or principle, by which the courts have determined that someone else should be held liable for the wrongdoings of others.
David Wilkie |  Fri, 10 Sept. 2010 at 10:43 |  tags: contributory negligence, control test, economic reality or multiple test, integration or organisation test, tort, tortfeasor, vicarious liability
Topics |  Vicarious liability, Occupiers’ Liability Sec B, Vicarious Liability Sec B, Negligence Sec B, Negligence, Be able to apply an employer’s liability for wrongs committed by their employees (vicarious liability)., Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities, Understand the nature and scope of the employment relationship in its legal and business context, Section B Rules and theory (Tort), Vicarious liability., Evaluation (Tort), Theory of tort law, Vicarious liability: nature and purpose

Outline the nature of the principle of vicarious liability in tort

This work is about the principle of vicarious liability and covers the various approaches or tests which have evolved to determine liability.
David Wilkie |  Thu, 26 Aug. 2010 at 16:32 |  tags: contributory negligence, control test, economic reality or multiple test, integration or organisation test, tort, tortfeasor
Topics |  Vicarious liability, Vicarious Liability Sec B, Negligence Sec B, Negligence, Be able to apply an employer’s liability for wrongs committed by their employees (vicarious liability)., Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities, Understand the nature and scope of the employment relationship in its legal and business context, Occupiers’ Liability Sec B, Section B Rules and theory (Tort), Vicarious liability., Theory of tort law, Vicarious liability: nature and purpose

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